Codeine

1. Functional groups:

i. Ether

ii. Hydroxyl

iii. Tertiary amino

2. Uses and misuses:

i. An opioid- mild to moderate pain reliever and cough suppressant

ii. If misused, one may experience:

    ​-Euphoria

    ​-Drowsiness

    -Slowed heart rate

3. Mechanism of action:

i. Unknown yet binds to the receptors of the brain that transmit the sensation of pain throughout the body and brain such as Morphine.

4. Side effects of the medication:

i. Shortness of breath

ii. Abdominal pain

iii. Rash/itching

5. Historical perspective of each compound (when it was discovered, first used, which groups/countries have used it and whether it is still in used today)

i. Discovered in 1832 by Pierre Robiquet, a French chemist

ii. First used as a way to suppress or end chronic coughing

iii. Used in France, Australia, US (lower usage in Ireland, South Africa, and UK)

iv. It is still used today

6. State where the drug derived from or if it was made from a drug or isolated from a plant

i. Isolated from the head of the poppy plant

7. Whether or not approved by the FDA:

i. It is FDA approved but only if used by adults

References:

https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/codeine-addiction/codeine-uses/#gref

https://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/painkillers/a-short-history.html